The three volumes of the Ship Apollo document captain William Billings's voyages between 12/10/1789-9/15/1791. Billings traveled from Philadelphia to A Coruna, Spain (1789-90), Porto, Portugal (1791), and back to Philadelphia (1791). During those voyages, Billings made various observations about the Gulf Stream (namely ocean temperature and weather) with the apparent intention of submitting his findings to the American Philosophical Society. This journal may interest scholars researching the Gulf Stream and transatlantic travel in the late-eighteenth century.
 

In a journal maintained during a transatlantic voyage from England to Delaware between 6/26/1803-8/20/1803, William Poyntell records wind directions, weather conditions, temperatures, and times of observation. He often includes observations pertaining to storms, lightning, and fog, and, on at least one occasion, he references the ship entering the Gulf Stream (7/30/1803). The volume also includes "Observations on the storm glass," intended for the membership at the American Philosophical Society. (The inside cover of the volume reads "Presented by Wm Poynell to the APS Philadelphia 5 Nov. 1803.") This journal may interest scholars researching meteorological conditions, transatlantic travel, and the institutional history of the American Philosophical Society.